How should be a believers supplication for other believers?

One of the most acceptable of all supplications is a believers supplication which he/she makes for other believers in the absence of them, because there are no benefits or expectations for him/her in which he/she made. 

Therefore, it is sincere and genuine. If it is Gods will, the supplication, which is made without any expectations, just for the good of a Muslim brother or sister will be accepted. Anyhow, He (swt), with the expression of our Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), Never does God let you go empty handed, if you raise your hands. Bediuzzaman Said Nursi explains it as:


What is the best way believers can supplicate for one another?


It has to be within the sphere of what is acceptable, for supplications become acceptable under certain conditions; their acceptability increases as these conditions are fulfilled. 

For instance, when supplications are to be made, a person should be purified spiritually by seeking forgiveness; then he should recite Salawat (benedictions) for the Prophet (PBUH}, an acceptable prayer, for intercession; and following his supplication, he should again recite the Salawat. 

For a prayer offered between two such acceptable prayers itself becomes acceptable. As is praying for another without their knowledge. So too are the traditional supplications and prayers in the Qur'an and Hadiths. 

For example:

Allahümme inni eselükel-afve vel-afiyete li ve lehü fid-dünya vel-ahireh: O God! I beseech You to bestow forgiveness and well-being on me and on him in religion, this world, and the Hereafter or Rabbena âtinâ fid-dünya ve haseneten ve fil-ahireti haseneh, vekınâ azabennâr: O our Sustainer! Give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and defend us from the torment of the Fire.


General supplications like these which are offered sincerely, and with humility and tranquility of heart; and following the five daily prayers, and the morning prayer in particular; and in holy places, and mosques in particular; and on Fridays, and particularly during the hour when prayers are answered; and during the three months of Rajab, Shaban, and Ramadan, and on the well-known holy nights, such as the Prophet's birthday and Raga'ib, and on the Night of Power in particular - it is to be strongly hoped from Divine mercy that such supplications will be accepted. 

The results of such acceptable prayers are either seen exactly as wished in this world, or they are accepted in respect of the eternal life in the Hereafter of the one who offered them. That is to say, if what was sought does not occur exactly as wished, it may not be said that the prayer was not accepted; rather, that it was accepted in a better form.



Sources:
(1) Tirmizî, Daavat 66,(3473, 3475); Ebû Dâvud, Salât 358, (1481); Nesâî, Sehiv, 48, (3, 44). 
(2) The Letters 23.Letter, 279. Trans. Shukran Vahide

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