Does the Quran mention modern discoveries? Will you give examples?

Astronomy

* It is not definitely known how the first matter of the universe came into being. It might remain unknown forever. However, there are some theories that can be true and have some grounds. The statements of the Quran regarding the issue are understood better with these theories:

“Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of Creation), before We clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?" (al-Anbiya, 21/30)

“Moreover, He Comprehended in His design the sky, and it had been (as) smoke.”(Fussilat, 41/11)

The general view that is prevalent among astrophysicists is similar to the framework drawn by those verses.

* There are various signs indicating that the world is round. 

 “He makes the Night overlap the Day, and the Day overlap the Night.”(az-Zumar, 39/ 5)

The word takwir (yukawwiru)  "overlap" mentioned in the verse means to wrap something around something global; for instance wrapping a turban around the head.

 According to Mahmud as-Sawwaf, there is no definite evidence about whether the world rotates or does not rotate in the Book or the Sunnah. However, there are signs indicating that the world rotates:

“Thou seest the mountains an:d thinkest them firmly fixed: but they shall pass away as the clouds pass away.”(an-Naml, 27/88)

He regards the verse above among the verses indicating that the world rotates.


Physics

As a person ascends to the sky, the amount of oxygen in the air decreases and the air pressure falls one degree at every 100 meters; therefore, shortness of breath, speech and sight disorders, and fainting occur. When one ascends 20 000 meters, he cannot breathe if he does not have a special device; and consequently, he will die. The Quran mentions this fact in the following verse as follows:

“Those whom Allah (in His Plan) willeth to guide,― He openeth their breast to Islam; those whom He willeth to leave straying― He maketh their breast close and constricted as if they had to climb up to the skies.” (al-An’am 125)

Geology

Geology has proved that mountains have the same amount of mass under the ground as over the ground. 

“Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse, And the mountains as pegs?”(an-Naba’, 78/6-7)

In the verse above, the Quran likens mountains to pegs because about half of the tent pegs are pushed into the ground. The following is stated in another verse:

“And the mountains hath Allah firmly fixed.” (an-Naziat, 79/32)

The following verse shows that mountains, which floats in the sea of the atmosphere, maintain the balance of the earth:

“(...) He set on the earth mountains standing firm lest it should shake with you.”(Luqman, 31/10)

It is understood in the science of geology that mountains are an important element of the law of balance calledisostasyin this century. In geophysics, there are about 110 great masses of mountains called "hot spots". They are big magma masses (of basalt compound) that fix the crust like rivets; they come from the depths of the earth (mantle), pierce the earth and harden on the surface, preventing the movement of the earth's crust. The coherence between what the verses state and what science, which is like the interpreter of the verses of creation, says is obvious.


Botany

The issue of the fertilization of trees had been known for a long time but the relationship between winds and fertilization was not known until recently. 

”and fruit of every kind Allah made in pairs, two and two.”(ar-Ra’d, 13/3)

After the fact mentioned by the verse above was discovered and it was found out that all plants had male and female elements and that fruits were produced as a result of the male fertilizing the female, it was understood that fertilization and pollination were made possible by winds.


Genetics

“When thy Lord drew forth from the Children of Adam― from their loins― their descendants, and made them testify concerning themselves, (saying): "Am I not your Lord (who cherishes and sustains you)?"― They said: "Yea! we do testify!" (This), lest ye should say on the Day of Judgment: "of this we were never mindful.”(al-A'raf, 7/172)

While explaining this verse, Sayyid Qutb writes, “The Quran portrays this splendid scene describing a great truth, which is deeply established in human nature. This Quranic description was made fourteen centuries ago, when no human being had any vision of the reality of human creation, apart from myth that had no foundation. Now after all these centuries, human beings have come to know some rudimentary elements of that truth. Today, biological science tells us that genes keep a record for every human being, showing his or her qualities or characteristics when they are still in the loins of their ancestors. These genes, which keep the records of no less than three thousand million human beings, may be pooled together in a space not exceeding one cubic centimeter. Had this fact been stated at that time, it would have been met with derision and incredulity.

Allah, who says,

“Soon will We show them Our Signs in the (furthest) regions (of the earth), and in their own souls until it becomes manifest to them that this is the Truth. Is it not enough that thy Lord doth witness all things?”(Fussilat, 41/ 53)

definitely tells the truth."


Dactyloscopy

This branch of science examines fingerprints. The fingerprints of all human beings are different from one another. When the Quran states that man will be resurrected with all of his details, it points to this fine property:

“Does man think that We cannot assemble his bones? Nay, We are able to put together in perfect order the very tips of his fingers.”(Qiyama, 75/3-4)

Biology

A professor of medicine, who examined the verses of the Quran regarding reproduction, especially verse 5 of the chapter of al-Hajj and verse 12 of the chapter of al-Muminun and compared them to the findings of modern biology, stated that they were completely the same and that what the Quran mentions had not been known before the 19th century anywhere in the world. He ended his words as follows:

“The Quran explains man the facts about reproduction of man that human beings will discover in hundreds of years using a plain style.”

The verses the professor mentions are as follows:

“O mankind! if ye have a doubt about the Resurrection, (consider) that We created you out of dust, then out of sperm then out of a leech-like clot, then out a morsel of flesh, partly formed and partly unformed, in order that We may manifest (Our Power) to you; and We cause whom We will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term, then do We bring you out as babes, then (foster you) that ye may reach your age of full strength; and some of you are called to die, and some are sent back to the feeblest old age, so that they know nothing after having known (much). And (further), thou seest the earth barren and lifeless, but when We pour down rain on it, it is stirred (to life), it swells, and it puts forth every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs).”(al-Hajj, 22/5)

“Man We did create from a quintessence (of clay); Then We placed him as (a drop of) sperm in a place of rest firmly fixed; Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We made a (foetus) lump; then We made out of that lump bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then We developed out of it another creature: so blessed be Allah, the Best to create!”(al-Muminun, 23/12-14)

Hygiene

With the decrees it introduced in all fields, the Quran enables man to protect his bodily and spiritual health; it also introduced perfect laws of hygiene, which were understood centuries after they were sent down.

The Quran mentions tasattur (covering the body), which is also important in terms of hygiene, wearing clean clothes, having enough rest, good nutrition, avoiding having, rotten and bad food, alcoholic drinks, carcass, blood and pork and the harms of fornication, which is the main cause of venereal diseases.

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