Can you give information about the five daily prayers?
The dawn (early morning (fajr)) prayer. Having done what is necessary to have the prayer accepted; one recites the iqama even if praying alone. Women are not required to recite the iqama.
The iqama is as follows:
Allahu akbar (God is the Greatest): 4 times.
Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah (I bear witness that there is no deity but God): twice.
Ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasululullah (I bear witness that Muhammad is Gods Messenger); twice.
Hayya alas-salah (Come on, to prayer): twice.
Hayya alal-falah (Come on, to salvation): twice.
Qad qamatus-salah (Now the prayer is about to be performed): twice.
Allahu akbar (God is the Greatest): twice.
La ilaha illallah (I bear witness that there is no deity but God): once.
One should pause between each phrase of the adhan, but be quick when reciting the iqama.
After the iqama, one intends to perform the dawn (fajr) prayer, and, while reciting the opening takbir (Allahu akbar), raises the hands with the palms facing the qibla to ones ears, with the thumbs touching the earlobes, and then puts them (according to the Hanafis) under the navel with the right hand grasping the left one at the wrist. Then, recite a supplication with which the Messenger, upon him be Gods peace and blessings, used to begin his prayers. The Hanafis prefer: Subhanakallahumma wa bi-hamdik. Wa tabarakasmuk. Wa taala jadduk. Wa la ilaha ghayruk (Glory be to You, O God, and to You is the praise. Blessed is Your Name and most high is Your honor. There is no deity besides You.).
Then recite Surat al-Fatiha, say Amin at its end, and recite a portion from the Quran. Then bow down and say: Allahu akbar and, attaining calmness with ones back straightened, say three times: Subhana Rabiyyal-Azim (Glory be to my Lord, the Mighty). Afterwards, rise up and say: Samiallahu li-man hami-dah (God hears him who praises Him), and then: Rabbana wa-lakal-hamd (Our Lord, and to You is all praise). After a short pause, prostrate and say: Allahu akbar with ones palms, knees, toes, forehead, and nose touching the ground. While prostrating, recite three times: Subhana Rabbiyal-Ala (Glory be to my Lord, the Most High). Then, sit up and say: Allahu akbar, and, after a short pause while sitting, prostrate again and say: Allahu akbar. Recite the same things that were recited during the first prostration. This is the first rakat in all prayers except the Iyd (religious festive day) prayers and salat al-tasbih (prayer of glorification), which will be described below.
Rise from prostration saying: Allahu akbar, and then perform the second rakat just as the first one was performed, but do not read any supplication before the Surat-al-Fatiha. After the second prostration, sit up and recite the tashahhud or tahiyyat, which is as follows: At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibatu as-salamu alayka ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa-rahmatullahi wa-barakatuh. As-salamu alayna wa ala ibadillahis-salihin. Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa-rasuluh (Eternity and all dominion is Gods, and from Him are all blessings and benedictions. Peace be upon you O the [greatest> Prophet, and Gods mercy and gifts. Peace be also upon us and Gods righteous servants. I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I also bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.).
Afterwards, one calls Gods blessings and peace upon His Messenger: Al-lahumma salli ala Muhammadin wa ala Al-i Muhammad, kama sallayta ala Ibrahima wa ala Al-i Ibrahim. Innaka Hamidun Majid. Allahumma barik ala Muhammadin wa ala Al-i Muhammad, kama barakta ala Ibrahima wa ala Al-i Ibrahim. Innaka Hamidun Majid (O God, bestow Your blessings upon our master Muhammad and the Family of Muhammad, as You bestowed Your blessings upon Abraham and the Family of Abraham. Assuredly, You are All-Praised, All-Illustrious. O God, send Your abundant gifts and favors unto our master Muhammad and the Family of Muhammad, as You sent them unto Abraham and the Family of Abraham. Assuredly, You are All-Praised, All-Illustrious.).
Then, pray to God. Choose prayers from the Quran and the prayers of Gods Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings. Then, give greetings, turning your head to your right and left, saying: As-salamu alaykum wa rah-matullah (Peace be upon you, and Gods Mercy.). While giving greetings on your right, direct them to those sitting on the right (if praying in congregation) and the noble angel who records our good deeds, and while giving greetings on your left, direct them to those sitting on the left (if praying in congregation) and the noble angel who records our evil deeds. However, according to Bediüzzaman Said Nursi, one may also intend, while giving greetings on the right, Gods Messenger, other Messengers, the believing members of their families, Companions, and all other saintly, pure, and scholarly people who have emigrated to the other world and, while giving greetings on the left, all believers to come until the Last Day.
The noon, afternoon, and night (zuhr, asr, and isha) prayers. Having done what is necessary to have the prayer accepted, recite iqama even if praying alone. Women are not required to recite iqama.
Then, perform the first two rakats just as in the dawn prayer, except that when sitting in the second rakat, recite the tashahhud, stand up, and say: Allahu akbar (God is the Greatest). Perform another two rakats without reciting the opening takbir, and, while standing, recite only al-Fatiha preferably; although you can recite, instead of al-Fatiha, words of glorification (Sub-hanallah), praise (al-hamdu lillah), and exaltation (Allahu akbar); and declare Gods Oneness (La ilaha illallah). While sitting in the last (fourth) rakat, recite that which was recited in the dawn and all other prayers. End the prayer by giving salutations to the right and left.
The evening (maghrib) prayer. One begins the prayer and prays the first two rakats as outlined above. After reciting the tashahhud while sitting in the second rakat, perform the third rakat in the same way as the third rakat of the noon, afternoon, and late evening prayers. (Recite only al-Fatiha without any portion from the Quran.) However, after the second prostration, sit again, as in the second (or last sitting) of the other prayers or in the second rakat of the dawn prayer. Do what is done in them.
Prostrations of Forgetfulness
If any of the necessary acts are omitted or delayed for some time due to forgetfulness (e.g., sitting between the second and third rakats of those prayers having three or four rakats, stopping between the obligatory acts more than a few seconds, or omitting the qunut in the witr prayer) after giving the first salutation to the right, make two prostrations just like the other prostrations and recite the tashahhud (tahiyyat) and calling of Gods peace and blessings on Gods Messenger. Then, give salutations and finish the prayer.
In the congregational prayer, the imam recites only the tahiyyat and the initial part of calling Gods blessings and peace upon the Messenger and his Family (i.e., Allahumma salli ala Muhammadin wa ala Al-i Muhammad) before making the prostrations of forgetfulness.
Prostrating while Reciting
Whoever recites a verse of prostration or hears it, whether during a prayer or outside it, should pronounce the takbir, prostrate, recite Subhana Rabbiyal-Ala three times, and rise from the prostration. There are 15 such verses in the Quran. If one of them is recited during a prayer, prostrate without interrupting the prayer and then continue it.
DEFINATIONS OF THE PRAYERS WITH THE DIAGRAMS
Now, let's learn the rakahs (units), the chapters, the praises and the supplications of the prayers.
THE DAWN PRAYER (4 RAKAHS)
2 RAKAHS SUNNAH: I intend to perform the sunnah of the dawn prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
2 RAKAHS FARD (OBLIGATORY): I intend to perform the fard of the dawn prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
NOON PRAYER (10 RAKAHS)
4 RAKAST (FIRST) SUNNAH: I intend to perform the first sunnah of the noon prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
4 RAKAHS FARD: I intend to perform the fard of the noon prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
2 RAKAHS (LAST) SUNNAH
I intend to perform the last sunnah of the noon prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
AFTERNOON PRAYER (8 RAKAHS)
4 RAKAHS SUNNAH : I intend to perform the sunnah of the afternoon prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
4 RAKAHS FARD: I intend to perform the fard of the afternoon prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
SUNSET PRAYER (5 RAKAHS)
3 RAKAH FARD: I intend to perform the fard of the sunset prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
2 RAKAHS SUNNAH: I intend to perform the sunnah of the sunset prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
EVENING PRAYER (13 RAKAST)
4 RAKAHS (FIRST) SUNNAH : I intend to perform the first sunnah of the evening prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
4 RAKAHS FARD: I intend to perform the first sunnah of the evening prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
2 RAKAHS SUNNAH: I intend to perform the first sunnah of the sunset prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
WTTR (ODD NUMBERED) PRAYER (3 RAKAHS)
Witr prayer is three rakahs. The first two rakahs are performed just like the first two rakahs of the dawn prayer. At-tahiyyatu is recited in the first sitting. In the third rakah, Başmala, Fatiha and A Sûrah are recited then the Takbîr is said by raising the hands up to the ear and the hands are placed under the navel again. In this step, Qunut Supplications are recited then the prayer is finished by bowing and prostration normally.
The person who does not know the Qunut Supplications, says "O my Allah, forgive me" three times and performs bowing.
WITR PRAYER (3 RAKAHS): I intend to perform the witr prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
Witr prayer is three rakahs. The first two rakahs are performed just like the first two rakahs of the dawn prayer. At-tahiyyatu is recited in the first sitting. In the third rakah, Başmala, Fatiha and A Sûrah are recited then the Takbîr is said by raising the hands up to the ear and the hands are placed under the navel again. In this step, Qunut Supplications are recited then the prayer is finished by bowing and prostration normally.
The person who does not know the Qunut Supplications, says "O my Allah, forgive me" three times and performs bowing.
WITR PRAYER (3 RAKAHS): I intend to perform the witr prayer for the pleasure of Allah.
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