When should the congregation stand for the prayer? (Before the Iqama (call to prayer) or after it)
A Brief Description of the Question:
When should the congregation stand for the prayer? (before the akamad or after the akamad started by the Muazzin)
The Answer:
The answer according the school of Hanafi (A school of Islamic jurisprudence named after Imam Abu Hanifa):
1- The congregation and the prayer-leader (imam) stand up when the Muazzin (the man who calls the Adhan) recites “Hayya ala-s-Salah”. The prayer-leader walks towards the mihrab (prayer niche of a mosque, in front of which the Imam stands) and the congregation forms the lines since that sentence has the meaning “come to prayer”. Not standing up presents a situation like being unwilling to the invitation for the salah.
2- When he recites “Qad qamatis salah”, the prayer-leader says the first takbir (Allah is the Greatest) and the congregation follows him. Thus, the salah (prayer) begins. However, if the prayer-leader does not begin when Qad qamatis salah” is recited and he concentrates on his intention and defers the salah till the iqama finishes, it does not harm the salah. That is, it is permissible. Beginning the salah at the end of the iqama means complying with the opinions of the three Hanafi imams, and it is deemed to be convenient.
3- Since standing up when the sentence “Hayya ala-s-Salah” is recited and beginning the salat when the sentence “Qad qamatis salah” is recited is mustahab (recommended), standing of a person who has entered the mosque at the time the iqama has begun is considered to be “makrooh (abominable)”. He should sit down and wait till the sentence we have mentioned above is recited and he should stand up when the sentence “Hayya ala-s-Salah” is recited.
All those decrees are valid when the prayer-leader is close to the mihrab.
If the prayer-leader is at the back of the congregation, the congregation stands up when the prayer-leader comes to the alignment of their line; thus the congregation, who stands up when the prayer-leader comes to the alignment of their line, forms the lines as the prayer-leader enters the mihrab.
If the prayer-leader is at a place where he cannot be seen, the congregation stands up when the prayer-leader is seen at the front. Actually, the prayer-leader starts to move while the sentences of the iqama mentioned are being recited. His deferring is incongruous with the conducts of the salah.
Here, I think it is useful to remind a point.
For the Hanafis, the salah starts immediately after the iqama ends, it is not postponed anymore.
However, for Shafiis, it is Sunnah to recite the prayer of “adhan” both after the adhan and the iqama.
In this respect, the Shafiis do not begin the salah just after the iqama ends; they also recite the prayer of adhan. They begin the salah when that prayer ends.
That prayer beginning as “Allahumma Rabba hadhihid- Da’wat- it- Tammah” is recited after the adhan by the Hanafis. It is regarded as a sunnah of the adhan. Since it is recited after the iqama by Shafii’s, the salah is started after it is recited at the end of the iqama.Inshaallah the information required has been achieved from that detailed information.
Those decrees are written in detail in Zuhayli’s book called al-Fiqh al-Islami.
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