Can you give some information about the commentary of verses 77 - 81 in the surah of Hud and the destruction of the people of Lut (Lot)?
A Brief Description of the Question:
Can you give some information about the commentary of verses 77 - 81 in the surah of Hud and the destruction of the people of Lut (Lot)?
The Answer:
The meaning of related verses:
77. When Our Messengers came to Lut, he was grieved on their account and felt himself powerless (to protect) them. He said: "This is a distressful day."
78. And came rushing towards him, and they had been long in the habit of practising abominations. He said: "O my people! Here are my daughters: they are purer for you (if ye marry)! Now fear Allah, and cover me not with shame about my guests! Is there not among you a single right-minded man?"
79. They said: "Well dost thou know we have no need of thy daughters: indeed thou knowest quite well what we want!"
80. He said: "Would that I had power to suppress you or that I could betake myself to some powerful support."
81. (The Messengers) said "O Lut! we are Messengers from thy Lord! By no means shall they reach thee! Now travel with thy family while yet a part of the night remains, and let not any of you look back: but thy wife (will remain behind): to her will happen what happens to the people. Morning is their time appointed: is not the morning nigh?"
82-83. When Our decree issued, We turned (the cities) upside down and rained down on them brimstones hard as baked clay, spread, layer on layer―Marked as from thy Lord: nor are they ever far from those who do wrong!
Explanation of the verses:
77-78. After the messengers had left Ibrahim, they came to Sodom and visited Lut. Since Lut did not know they were angels, he was concerned that his tribes could molest them; the townspeople began to head toward Lut’s home immediately. A prophet is like the father of his tribe; therefore, he regarded their daughters as if they were his own daughter and tried to protect his guests by offering them to marry tha girls of his tribes. (for information see also al-Hijr15/51-74)
79-80. Because of Lut’s offer and resistance, his tribe wanted to drive him out of the city by ridiculing. (see al-A'raf, 7/82) Lut continued his duty of announcement and conveying the message though he had little hope and tried to dissuade them from this inappropriate behavior; he requested them not to bring shame on him by harassing them. He advised them to fear Allah in this matter; he wanted to find someone who could understand him and prevent this rampage. however, there was nobody like that among them. All of them were shameless and lustful people. So, they rejected their prophet’s advice. Lut was alone and poor; since he was appointed as prophet, he was among them; he had no support except his family; they wanted to send his family away, too.(an-Naml, 27/56)
81-83. When the messengers saw that Lut felt suffocated so much, they revealed their identities and announced that they came to destroy his tribe. Meanwhile, the Almighty Allah made the ones who wanted to molest the messengers blind as a miracle (al-Qamar, 54/37); they could not see Lut and the people near him. Since there was nobody who believed Lut except his family (adh-Dhariyat, 51/36), the angels asked Lut to leave the city with his family except his wife at night. Because his wife had no faith in God, she would be destroyed with unbelievers too. Lut went out of the city with his family because of the divine order; the breaking of dawn informed about the approaching wrath. As a matter of fact, a terrible noise caught them while the sun was rising; then, the city was destroyed due to the violent earthquake; stones were thrown on them; they perished.(al-Hijr, 15/73-74)
The time and manner of this catastrophe is mentioned in different verses with some nuance. For instance, here (in the chapter of Hud), the event is described as follows: while dawn was breaking in the morning, the city was destroyed by volleying stones. It is stated in the surah of Hicr (73-74) that while the day was lightening, a terrible noise grabbed them and then the city was destroyed by volleying stones. Acting upon these verses some tafsir scholars stated that the event began the break of dawn and finished with sunrise. (Rashid Riza, XII/136) Thus, the tribe of Lut went out of existence as a punishment of disbelief and immorality. The last sentence of verse 83 indicates that the ones who practice immorality and disbelief like the tribe of Lut may come across such calamities.
(Diyanet Tefsiri, Kur’an Yolu: III/183-184)
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